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Evolution Korea When it comes to the debate over evolution, Korean scientists aren't taking their chances. The Society for Textbook Revise (STR) has been fighting to get the Archaeopteryx and horses removed from textbooks, saying they are common symbols of evolutionism. Confucian traditions with their emphasis on worldly success and high valuation of education, continue to dominate the culture of the country. However, Korea is seeking a new development paradigm. Origins The development of Iron Age cultures brought more sophisticated states to the Korean Peninsula, such as Goguryeo and Baekje. They all developed a distinct culture that was influenced by the influence of their powerful neighbours and they also adopted various aspects of Chinese culture, especially Confucianism and Buddhism however shamanism continued to be practiced. Goguryeo was the first of these kingdoms to establish its own form of government on the Korean people. It consolidated its authority at the end of the 1st century and established a king-centered governing system by the early 2nd century. Through a series of wars, it wiped out the factions that were loyal to the Han dynasty from the north of the peninsula. It expanded its territory in Manchuria too. At this time, a regional confederation called Buyeo was established. Its founder Wang Geon was given the title king and his name was recorded down in the 13th-century Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Buyeo was renamed Goryeo and hence the name was adopted by Korea. Goryeo had a strong commercial state, and was a centre for education. Its people cultivated crops and raised livestock like goats and sheep and they made furs from them as well. They performed masked dance dramas such as tallori and sandaenori. And they held an annual festival in December. It was called Yeonggo. Goryeo's economy was boosted by the booming trade with other countries which included the Song Dynasty of China. Byeongnando was the main entry point to Gaeseong which was the capital of Gaeseong. Traders came from Central Asia, Arabia and Southeast Asia. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the products they brought. From around 8,000 BCE the Koreans began to establish permanent settlements and cultivating cereal crops. They also invented pottery and polished stone tools and started organising themselves into clan societies. The Neolithic Age continued until the 12th century BC. At the time, Gija, a Shang dynasty prince from China, is said to have introduced high-culture to Korea. Many Koreans believed, right up to the 20th century, that Gija and Dangun gave Korea their people a basic culture. Functions Korea's old development paradigm that stressed the importance of state-led capital accumulation and government intervention in industries and business, aided in rapid economic growth that took it from one of the world's poorest countries to the ranks of OECD countries in just three decades. This model was rife with moral risks and even corruption. It was therefore not sustainable in an economy characterised by trade liberalization and democratic change. The current crisis has revealed the flaws of the current model and it is likely that another model will replace it. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the genesis of Korea's business-government risk partnership and explain how the development of business actors with an interest in maintaining this model prevented it from making fundamental changes. These chapters, which are focused on corporate governance and financial resource allocation, provide a thorough investigation of the underlying causes of the current crisis and suggest ways to implement reforms. Chapter 5 traces the possible paths that Korea's evolution of its development paradigm in the post-crisis time frame, examining both the legacies of the past as well as new trends triggered by the IT revolution and globalization. It also examines the implications of these trends for Korea's political and social structures. The main conclusion is that there are many emerging trends that are changing the nature of power and will determine the future of the country. In spite of the fact that participation in politics in Korea is still extremely limited, new forms are emerging that override political parties and challenge them, thereby changing the system of democracy in Korea. Another crucial finding is that the power of the Korean elite is not as great as it was in the past, and that a large segment of society feels a sense of disconnection from the ruling class. This suggests a need for more efforts at civic education and participation, as well as for new models of power sharing. The chapter concludes by stating that the success of Korea's new development paradigm will be determined by how well these trends can be integrated and if people are willing to make difficult choices. Benefits South Korea is the world's ninth largest economy, and the sixth fastest growing. It has a large and growing middle class and a robust research and development base that drives innovation. In addition the government has recently increased its investment in infrastructure projects to support economic growth and encourage social equity. In 2008 the Lee Myung-bak administration announced five leading indicators in a bid to establish a new system of development with a focus on improvements and practicality. It attempted to streamline government operations and privatize public companies with more efficiency, and also to reform administrative regulations. Since 에볼루션코리아 of Cold War, South Korea pursues a plan of integration of its economy the rest of the world and outside the region. Exports of high-tech consumer electronics and advanced manufacturing technologies have become a major source of income. Additionally, the government has been pushing the Saemaeul Undong (New Community Movement) initiative, which has transformed the country from an agricultural one to one that is focused on manufacturing. The country has a high quality of life and offers many benefits to its employees such as maternity leave, and job stability. Employers are also required to purchase accident insurance, which covers the cost of workplace-related illnesses or injuries. It is also common for companies to provide private medical insurance which provides insurance for illnesses that are not covered by the National Health Insurance. South Korea is viewed as a success model for many developing countries around the world. The global financial crisis of 1997 that swept across Asia and the world, challenged this notion. The crisis challenged the traditional wisdom about Asia's miracle economies, and led to an entirely new understanding of the role of the government in managing risky private activities. It seems that Korea's fate is still uncertain in the wake of these changes. On the one side, a new era of leaders has adopted the image of being a “strong” leader and begun to experiment with market-oriented policy. A strong power base in the domestic arena makes it difficult to implement any radical change. Disadvantages The revival and influence of the creationists is a major obstacle for Korean science in its efforts to educate the public on evolution. The majority of Koreans are in favor of teaching evolution to students however a small group led by Bun-Sam Liu (the director of the Society for Textbook Revise, STR) is advocating for the removal of it from textbooks. STR believes that teaching evolution is promoting the idea of a “materialist atheism” and presents an “unhopeful worldview” for students. This could cause them to lose their faith in humanity. The reasons behind anti-evolutionary beliefs are complex and varied. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. The one-sided populism, backed by powerful conservative think groups, business interests, and other influential groups has also contributed to the public's distrust of the scientific community. In the end the study's findings about the widespread vulnerability highlight the need for targeted policies that can mitigate them preemptively. These insights will help Seoul to achieve its goal of becoming a cityscape that is cohesive. In the COVID-19 case, pinpointing the vulnerable neighborhoods and the occupants is essential for the development of specific, compassionate policies to improve their lives and security. The significant impact of COVID-19 on Jjokbangs, for example, reflects socio-economic disparities which could increase vulnerability to natural and man-made disasters. To overcome this, South Korea requires a more inclusive and diverse civil society that can bring together all communities to solve the most pressing problems of the city. This requires a fundamental change in the structure and power of the institution of politics. At present, the Blue House is able to mobilise a large bureaucracy and strategically leverage the Supreme Prosecutor's Office and intelligence bureau, all of which do not have any oversight from parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agencies. This gives the president a lot of power to impose their vision on the rest of the country. This recipe can lead stagnation and polarization of the country.